What we will be looking at in this project is how marine fossils are made...
They are the most common sort of fossil and I have tried to make this project work in a way to keep things fun!
STAGE ONE
An Animal dies, the body sinks to the sea floor - even some land animals’ bodies are swept to sea – then the flesh rots away leaving only the skeleton.
STAGE TWO
Sediment around the skeleton gets denser over time it turns
to stone.
STAGE THREE
The Skeleton eventually dissolves leaving a hole, a cavity,
preserving the shape of the skeleton. This is known as a natural mould.
At this step, to simulate this natural mould we can make one using salt dough.
You will need:
100g - Plain flour
50g - Salt
Water
Stir the flour and salt together and then add the water to make a dough. Work the dough until it is smooth and then you are ready.
Take a piece of your salt dough, a big handful, and grab yourself a small toy dinosaur.
Press your dinosaur into the dough to impress the image into the dough. It will make a mould.
You can put your salt dough in the oven at 100 degrees for an hour at this stage but remember to remove your plastic dinosaur first!
At this step, to simulate this natural mould we can make one using salt dough.
You will need:
100g - Plain flour
50g - Salt
Water
Stir the flour and salt together and then add the water to make a dough. Work the dough until it is smooth and then you are ready.
Take a piece of your salt dough, a big handful, and grab yourself a small toy dinosaur.
Press your dinosaur into the dough to impress the image into the dough. It will make a mould.
You can put your salt dough in the oven at 100 degrees for an hour at this stage but remember to remove your plastic dinosaur first!
STAGE FOUR
Minerals crystallise inside the mould, a cast is formed. This happens because mineral rich water
enters the cavity, much like the geodes.
When the cavity is filled like this it’s called a cast.
If you would like to learn more about how crystals are formed go to my post by clicking on this photo...
If you would like to learn more about how crystals are formed go to my post by clicking on this photo...
The cast is the original shape of the skeleton but has none
of the internal features.
Instead of crystals, for this project I use plaster of paris as the cast.
When using plaster of paris please remember that the adding of the water causes a chemical reaction, this reaction means that it produces heat. You should also be careful not to eat any of it or inhale any of the dust.
Allow a day for the plaster of paris to set. When you remove the set plaster of paris, you have your homemade 'fossil'.
Instead of crystals, for this project I use plaster of paris as the cast.
When using plaster of paris please remember that the adding of the water causes a chemical reaction, this reaction means that it produces heat. You should also be careful not to eat any of it or inhale any of the dust.
Allow a day for the plaster of paris to set. When you remove the set plaster of paris, you have your homemade 'fossil'.
STAGE FIVE
It takes millions of years for the fossil to rise to ground
level. This occurs during things like mountain
building and earthquakes.
When the fossil does rise, eventually above water level, the
rock is worn away (eroded) by wind and rain and eventually becomes visible and
able to be found.
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